There's a lot of story here so the tl;dr is this: Is there any law that protects a pilot from retaliation by their employer for making a good faith NTSB report under 49 CFR 830?
I was recently giving instruction when the rudder pedal under my student's right foot became disconnected from the flight control system. The pedal on my side still worked so I took the controls and landed with no issues.
As I read 830.5, the occurrence qualifies as a "flight control system malfunction or failure" so I called the NTSB. They had me send a couple of pictures and then released the plane to be repaired and returned to service.
My chief instructor pulled me into his office and says I should not have made the report and that someone at the NTSB called the flight school owner asking why we made such a report. The chief instructor said that the word "system" should be the key to indicate that if the system is still usable, no report is required. If that were the case, I would think that 830.5(a)(1) would simply read "Flight control system failure" and not use the word malfunction at all.
So I called the NTSB supervisor I had previously spoken with and explained that I'm a 670-hour CFI who has a lot to learn and asked what he thought about the report. He said that I had done exactly the right thing, ran a scenario about a possible future discovery of this reportable event that could cost me my certificates if I hadn't reported it, and volunteered to meet with my chief flight instructor about the matter.
Obviously, this causes me to think that the chief instructor's claim about the NTSB calling the owner was not truthful but I worry that saying anything more about it--or being in the situation again and making a report again--will get me fired as an instructor. Is there any law out there that prevents retaliation for good faith reports to the NTSB?
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